-Both Anaximander (c. 610-546 BC) and Anaximines (c. 585-528 BC) were from Miletus (like Thales).
-Not too much info is known about what we can confirm they actually said.
-Anaximander was younger than Thales, and Anaximines was younger than Anaximander.
-Anaximander- wrote an epic poem, "On Nature" (a lot of these dudes wrote similarly-titled works or poems).
-Created a sundial in Sparta.
-Created a map which displayed both the earth AND the sea.
-Credited with saying "The principle of all things is the Infinite ("apeiron").
-Believed that everything comes from this infinity, and that things destroy each other to create a natural balance or cycle (or even maybe cosmic justice).
-Believed that everything in space and on earth was formed through some mysterious process, and a ball of fire surrounded the atmosphere of the earth and then burst or something... idk, it's complicated... but basically there's still a ball of fire surrounding us and the holes in our atmosphere allow us to see the fire. The moon waxes and wanes because the holes in the mist open and close.
-So, how can there be different things when everything is a part of the apeiron? What creates divisions and opposites like fire and water?
-This is one of the defining features of the pre-Socratic philosophers.
-May have also believed in an infinite number of worlds and cycles in the universe, but this is unclear.
-Believed that the first animals were incubated in moisture and then broke out of it.
-Also believed that humans could not always have lived like this because children are way too weak to survive on their own as the first humans.
-Humans came from fish, and humans burst out of them when first born.
-More of a philosopher, perhaps, than Thales, because his theory of the apeiron seems to be based off of philosophical dialogue and logic.
-He also believed that the earth is the center of the cosmos and that's why it doesn't move.
-Anaximines- agreed with Anaximander about the apeiron, but believed that everything came from air, not water.
-His logic: if you make air heavier, it eventually becomes solid; if you make it hot, it becomes fire; etc.
-Believed that the earth is a disc, formed by the air thickening and then riding on the original air from which it formed.
-Believed that the stars, planets, suns, and moons were made of fire and then they rotate around the earth.
-Believed that the soul is made of air/breath ("pneuma").
-The gods come from air as well!
These are unofficial notes I've taken while listening to Peter Adamson's History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps podcast. Any mistakes, inaccuracies, etc. are my own.
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