You Can't Get There from Here - Zeno and Melissus

-Zeno of Elea (c.490-430 BC)
   -Most famous student of Parmenides.
   -Renowned for his paradoxes ("para"=against, "doxa"=belief).
      -A good example is his "Dichotomy Paradox", which demonstrates that it's impossible to actually move because in order to travel any distance, we first have to complete an infinite number of distances to get there, which is impossible because human beings are finite creatures so we can't do anything an infinite number of times.  Additionally, there is no FIRST distance because any first distance can be divided in half forever.  Travel over ANY distance is impossible.  Therefore, all motion is an illusion.
         -This was labeled as a "dichotomy" because it involves repeatedly splitting a distance into two parts.
         -The story Zeno uses with Achilles and the tortoise is very similar to this.
      -Another example is the "Arrow Paradox".  For motion to occur, an object has to change its position.  However, at a certain point in time, the object is motionless.   Therefore, at every instant in time, there is no motion happening at all.  Everything is motionless at every instant.  Time is just a series of instants.  Therefore, motion is impossible.
      -Another one is that between two things, there must be an infinity of other things.  Between "A" and "B" there has to be a third object, "C".  There must be something separating "A" and "C", and also "B" and "C", etc. 
-Melissus of Samos (c. 5th century BC)
   -Same hometown as Pythagoras, except Pythagoras went to Croton in Magna Graecia, whereas it's most likely that Melissus stayed and chilled in Samos.
   -According to Plutarch, Melissus was a naval commander who fought against the Athenians (for whatever reason).
   -Developed a philosophy that was in agreement with Parmenides for the most part, except for a few things.
   -Wasn't into paradoxes, like Zeno, and argued positively.
   -Disagreed with Parmenides that being/existence is spherical, believing that instead being has no limits to share whatsoever.  This is because obviously if being had a shape, it would have limits beyond the shape.
   -Believed that non-being was impossible, like Parmenides, because "nothing" doesn't exist.  Therefore, motion is impossible because there is no empty place or void for "something" to fill!